System and Database Archives

System 0.0 is the original system migrated from the Fo Guang Dictionary of Buddhism (FGDB) Chinese edition. With its basic functionalities, individual translators can input headword translations and language equivalents for the terms assigned to them. System 0.0 was the primary system employed during the gestational phases of the translation project, during which the team was primarily focused on collecting reference materials.

System 1.0 is the first FGDB system built with the translation project in mind, allowing translators private access to dictionary information and relevant reference materials. The platform includes an advanced search for both dictionary headwords and content, as well as quick access to dictionary clippings and translation tools. System 1.0 is the main system used for the headword translation phase of the FGDB project and continues to be used as a reference.

System 2.0 is an FGDB system built for the management and distribution of entry translations. Translators are able to save translations and relevant research materials on the platform. As one of the main features of the system, entries are automatically linked to pop-ups displaying FGDB words and existing translations.

Building upon previous versions, FGDB System 3.0 is a collaborative, real-time translation platform with user accessibility at the forefront. Utilizing open-source software allows the FGDB project to keep the platform extensible, customizable, and reliable as it continues to grow.

Homepage containing FGDB project news and information. Translators log in to the platform with their Gmail accounts to access various translation tools and databases (see below).

Database containing Fo Guang Dictionary of Buddhism's 32,000+ Chinese headwords and their English equivalents, which provide translators a set of standardized vocabulary to use when translating entries.

Collection of scanned dictionary clippings sorted according to Chinese stroke order. A total of 21,440+ Chinese headwords are included. This is the first reference collection created by the FGDB project; its main purpose is to make available a digital set of dictionaries for translators to use as a reference. The process involved making xerox copies of several bilingual dictionaries and reorganizing them by manually cutting and pasting the clippings according to Chinese headword.

Sources:

• A Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Terms / Hisao Inagaki. 2007.

• Japanese English Buddhist Dictionary (Nichi-Ei Bukkyō jiten 日英佛敎辭典)

• The Japanese-English Zen Buddhist dictionary (Nichi-Ei zengo jiten 日英禪語辭典) / Yūhō Yokoi 横井雄峯. 1991.

• A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms / W.E. Soothill, Lewis Hodous. 1937.

• Hand-book of Chinese Buddhism / Ernest J. Eitel and K. Takakuwa. 1888.

Collection of English dictionary clippings, sorted alphabetically. A total of 5,880+ English headwords are included. Its main purpose is to make available a digital set of dictionaries for translators to use as a reference. The process involved making xerox copies of several English dictionaries and reorganizing them by manually cutting and pasting the clippings alphabetically according to headword.

Sources:

• Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism / Robert Buswell Jr. et al. 2013.

• Faxiang / by Tzu Chuang. 2012.

• Historical Dictionary of Buddhism / Carl Olson. 2009.

• Encyclopedia of Buddhism / Robert Buswell Jr. et al. 2004.

• Oxford Dictionary of Buddhism / Damien Keown. 2003.

• Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism. 2002

• Historical Dictionary of Buddhism / Charles Prebish. 1993.

• A Popular Dictionary of Buddhism / Christmas Humphrey. 1962.

Digitization of Chinese-English dictionary entries for 3,772 headwords, compiled by the FGDB team for full-text search. The database is an improvement on the previous set of Chinese and English dictionaries clippings for translators to use as a reference. (see above)

Digitization of Chinese-English dictionary entries for 3,772 headwords, compiled by the FGDB team for full-text search. The database is an improvement on the previous set of Chinese and English dictionaries clippings for translators to use as a reference. (see above)

Computer-aided translation platform developed by Alex Amies for the Fo Guang Dictionary of Buddhism translation team. Translators can access translation memories and hover tooltips from this private resource.

Sources:

• NTI Reader / developed by Alex Amies

• Soothill and Hodous, A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms

• Mahāvyutpatti (Fanyi Mingyi Daji) 翻譯名義大集, scanned from reproduction by Kyoto University

• A Glossary of Lokakṣema's Translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā / Seishi Karashima. 2010.

• The Jifayue sheku tuoluoni jing – Translation, non-translation, both or neither? / Jonathan A. Silk. 2008.

• A Glossary of Kumārajīva's Translation of The Lotus Sutra / Seishi Karashima. 2001.

• A Glossary of Dharmarakṣa's translation of The Lotus Sutra / Seishi Karashima 1998.

• 「長阿含経」の原語の研究 (A study of the language of the Dīrgha-āgama) / Seishi Karashima. 1994

• A Chinese Translation of A.P. Buddhadatta's Concise Pali-English Dictionary. 1958

Database of Jatakas and Avadanas with links to multilingual parallel texts and summaries, as well as the form in which the Buddha was reborn. A total of 547 entries are included. Originally an assignment for Dr. Lewis R. Lancaster's Buddhist Textual Studies course on the Jatakas, the collection was further developed to bridge Chinese and Pali sources.

Sources:

• New Guide to the Tipitaka: A Complete Reference to the Pali Buddhist Canon / Matthew Meghaprasara. 2013.

• The Jataka: vol. 1-6 / Robert Chalmers. 1895–1907.

• Jataka Together With Its Commentary: vol. 1-7 / Viggo Fausböll. 1883.

• Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names: Apaṇṇaka Jātaka / Gunapala Piyasena Malalasekera. 1937.

• Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500: Apaṇṇaka Jātaka

• Jatakamala

• Cariyāpiṭaka

• 日譯南傳大藏經: B0005 無戲論本生因緣

• 漢譯南傳大藏經: N0018 無戲論本生譚

• 佛光大藏經: 本緣藏, 本生經一~1章, 無戲論品 無戲論本生因緣, 141頁

List of 1,194 Chan records, with their Chinese commentaries and equivalent English translations.Sources:

• Book of Serenity

• Odes to a Classic Hundred Standards

• Blue Cliff Record

• The Gateless Gate

• The Jingde Record of the Transmission of the Lamp

• Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall

• Biographies of Eminent Monks

• Recorded Sayings of Linji

• Record of the (Chan) Grove

• Record of Hongzhi

• Compendium of the Five Lamps

2,420 entries extracted from the Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, matched with their equivalent Chinese headwords. The data provides translators with a reference to existing translations.

Source:

• Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism / Robert Buswell Jr. et al. 2013.

Database of PDF files containing English translations of Chinese canonical texts, arranged according to Taisho number. This private collection was built using the list of translations from Marcus Bingenheimer's Bibliography of Translations from the Chinese Buddhist Canon into Western Languages as a starting reference. Currently, a total of 353 scholarly translations are available as PDF files to allow FGDB translators to cite when translating textual quotations.

Collection of pre-existing translations of 2,200+ quotes cited in FGDB entries using various scholarly works.

Terms compiled by the FGDB team from Paul Swanson's English translation of Fahua xuanyi 法華玄義. As a Tiantai translation reference, this list includes 3,281 Chinese terms and their equivalent translations.

Terms compiled by the FGDB team from Paul Swanson's English translation of Mohe zhiguan 摩訶止觀, Clear Serenity, Quiet Insight. As a Tiantai translation reference, this list includes 6,837 Chinese terms and their equivalent translations.

Source:

• Clear Serenity, Quiet Insight (vol. 1-3) / Paul Swanson. 2017.

Terms compiled by the FGDB team from Mark Blum's The Origins and Development of Pure Land Buddhism. Used as a reference for entries relating to the Japanese Pure Land school, the list includes 1,572 Chinese terms as well as their Japanese and English equivalents.

Source:

• The Origins and Development of Pure Land Buddhism / Mark Blum. 2002.

Glossary compiled by the FGDB team from Robert E. Buswell Jr.'s Luminous Awareness is Never Dark. 570+ terms

Source:

• Luminous Awareness is Never Dark / Robert E. Buswell Jr. 2016.

Glossary compiled by the FGDB team from Robert H. Sharf's Coming to Terms with Chinese Buddhism. The list includes 710+ Chinese-English terms.

Source:

• Coming to Terms with Chinese Buddhism / Robert H. Sharf. 2002.

List of 60 Buddhist dictionaries and encyclopedias in Chinese, Japanese, and English.

List of 108 samadhi names, their descriptions, and their working translations.

Sources:

• Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism / Robert Buswell Jr. et al. 2013.

• The Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom / Edward Conze. 1961.

• Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (DDB) / A. Charles Muller.

List of working translations of canonical text names, including their Taisho and K nos.

Sources:

• The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue / Lewis R. Lancaster. 1979.

Glossary of 3,300+ terms from the six-volume One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages and Affairs 僧事百講 by Venerable Master Hsing Yun. The text offers a complete description of monastic language, i.e., the terms explaining the duties, etiquette, and rituals within a Chan monastery. The collection is used as a reference for translating FGDB entries on the Chan school.

Sources:

• One Hundred Lessons on Monastery Languages and Affairs 僧事百講 / Venerable Master Hsing Yun 星雲大師. 2012.

Digital collection of more than 5,000 terms included in the Glossary of Humanistic Buddhism, which covers the works of Venerable Master Hsing Yun and publications by Fo Guang Shan's cultural undertakings. It contains terminology, sutra titles, concepts, quotes, people, places, expressions, and historical events relating to Humanistic Buddhism.

Glossary compiled by the FGDB team from The Origins of Buddhist Monastic Codes in China. The list includes 400+ Chinese-English terms and is mainly used on FGDB terms on monastery pure rules.

List of 1,120 Chinese Buddhist idiomatic expressions and their English translations, used as a reference for translating Buddhist expressions in the FGDB.

Sources:

• MOEDict 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本.

• 佛光大辭典

• 林語堂當代漢英詞典

• 遠東漢英大辭典

Searchable list of the style guide and formatting used for the FGDB project. Translators can easily standardize their translation formats by searching through the list.

The data of 32,000+ entries in the Chinese Fo Guang Dictionary of Buddhism (FGDB) in excel format. It provides easy access to data in a format that allows for translation.

List of amendments made to the revised Chinese edition of the Fo Guang Dictionary of Buddhism since its publication in 2014. The list is crucial to updating the FGDB translation database for accuracy.

Experimental chatbot that recommends translation resources and style guides to beginner and amateur translators. Based on inputted terminology, the bot provides links to English dictionaries and publications to speed up the translation process.

Interactive beginner's tutorial explaining what Taisho numbers are and how to read them. Its purpose is to make the Buddhist canon accessible to people who are non-academics.